• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (15 October 1931 - 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist who served as the 11th President of India from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. Before becoming President, he held senior science and defence roles in government and worked on space and missile programmes.

    • Full name: Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (President of India)
    • Common name: A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (President of India)
    • Category (Domain): Politics & Government
    • Country: India
    • Role/Office (primary): 11th President of India (25 July 2002 – 25 July 2007) (President of India)
    • Current status: Deceased (Embassy of India)
    • Party/Alliance: Independent (non-party public figure); supported by major parties during the 2002 presidential election (reported in election accounts). (Wikipedia)
    • Constituency/Region: Not applicable (President is elected by an electoral college); closely associated with Tamil Nadu (born in Rameswaram). (President of India)
    • Date of birth: 15 October 1931 (President of India)
    • Place of birth: Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, India (President of India)
    • Date of death: 27 July 2015 (Embassy of India)
    • Place of death: Shillong, India (Embassy of India)
    • Education: Graduated in Science (St. Joseph’s College, Tiruchirappalli) in 1954; Aeronautical Engineering (Madras Institute of Technology) in 1957. (Principal Scientific Adviser)

    Profession/background before politics: Aerospace scientist and science administrator; worked in India’s space and defence programs; later served in senior government science roles before becoming President. (President of India) 

    Overview

    1. P. J. Abdul Kalam is widely associated with India’s scientific and public institutions. Official biographies describe a career that began in engineering and moved into national-level science leadership, including work connected to India’s space and defence programmes. He later served a full term as President of India (2002-2007).

    Early life and education

    He was born on 15 October 1931 in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. Government profile material lists his education as a science degree completed in 1954 and aeronautical engineering completed in 1957.

    Scientific and engineering career

    ISRO and SLV-III (1970s-1980)

    The official President of India biography credits him as Project Director of SLV-III, and notes the successful injection of the Rohini satellite into near-Earth orbit in July 1980.

    Defence programme leadership (1990s)

    The official biography notes leadership roles connected to defence research and development, including work associated with missile programmes such as Agni and Prithvi during the period he led defence R&D responsibilities.

    Public service roles before the presidency

    Scientific Adviser and government science leadership

    • Scientific Adviser to Defence Minister & Secretary, Department of Defence R&D (DRDO): July 1992 – December 1999
    • Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India: November 1999 – November 2001
    • Professor, Technology & Societal Transformation, Anna University: from November 2001 (as listed in the official biography).

    President of India

    Kalam served as President of India from 25 July 2002 to 25 July 2007. In official biographies and public records, his presidency is often described alongside his earlier scientific career and his focus on education and development themes in public engagement.

    Elections and appointments

    • 2002 (Presidential election): Contested the presidential election and won, taking office on 25 July 2002. The Election Commission’s historical e-book notes his victory and margin.

    Major initiatives and notable milestones

    • July 1980: SLV-III successfully injected Rohini into near-Earth orbit (as stated in the official biography).
    • 1996: Technology Vision 2020 (TIFAC) was released; government material credits leadership under Dr. Kalam for this exercise.
    • July 1992 – December 1999: Held top defence R&D leadership roles linked in official bios to missile programme development work.
    • November 1999 – November 2001: Served as Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India (official biography).

    Publications

    The President of India biography lists major books associated with him, including:

    Awards and honours

    Government profile material lists major national honours:

    Public perception and notable debates

    Commonly cited strengths: 

    • Official profiles and summaries often describe him as a scientist-administrator with major involvement in national science and defence work, and a public figure who engaged widely with students and development ideas.

    Criticisms/controversies (verifiable, with context):

    • 2006 (Office of Profit bill episode): Media reports described how he returned the bill for reconsideration, and later assented after it was passed again. The episode was discussed as a constitutional and political debate at the time.

    Legal cases:

    • No legal cases are highlighted in the official biography pages provided for this profile; details are not publicly confirmed in the provided official sources.

    Death

    Kalam died on 27 July 2015 in Shillong, India, as noted in an official Embassy of India press release.

    Digital and media

    • Official website: No personal official website is consistently verified in the provided sources; the Government profile pages are the most authoritative references. 
    • Official social profiles: None verified in the provided sources.
    • Featured image guidance: Use the Wikimedia Commons Government of India image under GODL-India licensing.

    FAQ

    Who was Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam?

    He was an Indian aerospace scientist who became the 11th President of India (2002-2007).
    Before the presidency, he held senior government science and defence roles and worked on national space and missile programmes.